For Native Americans, Harvard and Other Colleges Fall Short
2021-06-06
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1When Samantha Maltais arrives at Harvard this autumn, she will be the first member of the Aquinnah Wampanoag tribe to attend its law school.
2In some ways, she will be joining an ancestor.
3More than 350 years ago, an Aquinnah Wampanoag man named Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck became the first Native American to graduate from Harvard University.
4He attended because of its 1650 charter calling for the education of "English and Indian youth of this country."
5Maltais says she understands "Harvard's impact" because she has always lived nearby.
6And she is the daughter of her tribe's leader.
7Harvard is "a symbol of New England's colonial past, this tool of assimilation that pushed Native Americans into the background in their own homelands," she said.
8Maltais will arrive on campus at a time when Native American tribes, students and University teachers and officials are pushing the famous university and other colleges to do more for Indigenous communities.
9Many feel the schools need to admit their past wrongs.
10It is similar to the call for states and other communities to admit to the wrongs of slavery and discrimination against Black people.
11In Minnesota, 11 tribes have called on the state university system to return some of the lands taken from tribes.
12They have also asked for Native American students to attend without payment and to increase the number of Native Americans in the administration.
13Tadd Johnson is the University of Minnesota's director of tribal relations and a Chippewa tribe member.
14He said the university will create a "truth and reconciliation" process to investigate the historical wrongs and find ways to correct them.
15"We're listening," he said, adding the university system is acting on "everything that has been thrown at us."
16Meanwhile in Colorado, state lawmakers are considering legislation to permit students from certain tribes to pay much less to attend the state university system.
17And in California, Native American students also want lower costs.
18Most California state schools have released statements that admitted their past wrongs against Native Americans and their lands.
19Tori McConnell is a 21-year-old member of the Yurok Tribe who graduates from the University of California, Davis in June.
20"It's only right that they do these things," she said.
21"Actions speak louder than words."
22University spokesperson Ryan King said officials are working hard to continue supporting Native students and tribal communities.
23He pointed out that the school created an advisory board that includes tribal leaders and others.
24Many American universities are a product of an 1862 law that paid for the creation of public universities through the sale of federal government land.
25But a study found that much of that land had been taken from about 250 tribes of Native Americans.
26At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, near Harvard, Native American students looked into the school's past as one of the original federal land universities.
27Luke Bastian is a 22-year-old Navajo student from Phoenix.
28He says he and other students presented the results of their class project to MIT's president earlier this month.
29The students also asked him to create a Native American studies program.
30University officials say conversations with Native students continue.
31 Bastian believes they will make progress.
32Native American students asked for, and received, a meeting place for themselves, say Indigenous community backers.
33South Dakota State University uses private donations to provide scholarships to local tribal members.
34It also uses money earned from the land to improve Native American programming, research and other efforts.
35"We can't change the past, but we can change the future for these young people," says Barry Dunn.
36He is the university's president and a member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe who started the Wokini Initiative in 2017.
37Native Americans have the lowest graduation rates in the country, said Cheryl Crazy Bull.
38She added that the pandemic has made it even harder for Native American students.
39She is president of the American Indian College Fund, which awarded Maltais her scholarship.
40At Harvard, there is a concern that Native students are being asked to withdraw from the school for poor grades at higher rates than other students, said Emily Van Dyke.
41She is president of Harvard's Native American alumni group.
42Students and alumni are also pushing Harvard to admit that it stands on land where Indigenous peoples once lived, Van Dyke said.
43MIT and the University of California, Davis have both admitted to being on land once owned by Native Americans.
44Harvard spokespeople refused to comment.
45However, Joseph Gone heads the school's Native American program.
46He said the university is in talks with local tribes and plans to release a statement in the future.
47For her part, Maltais says Harvard and other schools should help Native students coming from distant tribal communities adjust to university life with counseling and other services.
48She also supports the idea of free education for Native Americans, but thinks it is not enough.
49"Sometimes the only reparation for land is land," she said.
50I'm Susan Shand.
1When Samantha Maltais arrives at Harvard this autumn, she will be the first member of the Aquinnah Wampanoag tribe to attend its law school. In some ways, she will be joining an ancestor. 2More than 350 years ago, an Aquinnah Wampanoag man named Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck became the first Native American to graduate from Harvard University. He attended because of its 1650 charter calling for the education of "English and Indian youth of this country." 3Maltais says she understands "Harvard's impact" because she has always lived nearby. And she is the daughter of her tribe's leader. 4Harvard is "a symbol of New England's colonial past, this tool of assimilation that pushed Native Americans into the background in their own homelands," she said. 5Maltais will arrive on campus at a time when Native American tribes, students and University teachers and officials are pushing the famous university and other colleges to do more for Indigenous communities. Many feel the schools need to admit their past wrongs. It is similar to the call for states and other communities to admit to the wrongs of slavery and discrimination against Black people. 6Calls for return of lands, lower costs 7In Minnesota, 11 tribes have called on the state university system to return some of the lands taken from tribes. They have also asked for Native American students to attend without payment and to increase the number of Native Americans in the administration. 8Tadd Johnson is the University of Minnesota's director of tribal relations and a Chippewa tribe member. He said the university will create a "truth and reconciliation" process to investigate the historical wrongs and find ways to correct them. 9"We're listening," he said, adding the university system is acting on "everything that has been thrown at us." 10Meanwhile in Colorado, state lawmakers are considering legislation to permit students from certain tribes to pay much less to attend the state university system. 11And in California, Native American students also want lower costs. Most California state schools have released statements that admitted their past wrongs against Native Americans and their lands. Tori McConnell is a 21-year-old member of the Yurok Tribe who graduates from the University of California, Davis in June. 12"It's only right that they do these things," she said. "Actions speak louder than words." 13University spokesperson Ryan King said officials are working hard to continue supporting Native students and tribal communities. He pointed out that the school created an advisory board that includes tribal leaders and others. 14Looking to change the future 15Many American universities are a product of an 1862 law that paid for the creation of public universities through the sale of federal government land. But a study found that much of that land had been taken from about 250 tribes of Native Americans. 16At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, near Harvard, Native American students looked into the school's past as one of the original federal land universities. 17Luke Bastian is a 22-year-old Navajo student from Phoenix. He says he and other students presented the results of their class project to MIT's president earlier this month. The students also asked him to create a Native American studies program. 18University officials say conversations with Native students continue. Bastian believes they will make progress. Native American students asked for, and received, a meeting place for themselves, say Indigenous community backers. 19South Dakota State University uses private donations to provide scholarships to local tribal members. It also uses money earned from the land to improve Native American programming, research and other efforts. 20"We can't change the past, but we can change the future for these young people," says Barry Dunn. He is the university's president and a member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe who started the Wokini Initiative in 2017. 21Native Americans have the lowest graduation rates in the country, said Cheryl Crazy Bull. She added that the pandemic has made it even harder for Native American students. She is president of the American Indian College Fund, which awarded Maltais her scholarship. 22At Harvard, there is a concern that Native students are being asked to withdraw from the school for poor grades at higher rates than other students, said Emily Van Dyke. She is president of Harvard's Native American alumni group. 23Students and alumni are also pushing Harvard to admit that it stands on land where Indigenous peoples once lived, Van Dyke said. MIT and the University of California, Davis have both admitted to being on land once owned by Native Americans. 24Harvard spokespeople refused to comment. 25However, Joseph Gone heads the school's Native American program. He said the university is in talks with local tribes and plans to release a statement in the future. 26For her part, Maltais says Harvard and other schools should help Native students coming from distant tribal communities adjust to university life with counseling and other services. She also supports the idea of free education for Native Americans, but thinks it is not enough. 27"Sometimes the only reparation for land is land," she said. 28I'm Susan Shand. 29The Associated Press reported this story. Susan Shand adapted it for Learning English. Hai Do was the editor. 30____________________________________________________________ 31Words in This Story 32youth - n. someone who is young 33impact - n. a powerful or major influence or effect 34assimilation - n. to cause (a person or group) to become part of a different society, country, 35indigenous - adj. produced, living, or existing naturally in a particular region or environment 36reconciliation - n. the act of causing two people or groups to become friendly again after an argument or disagreement 37scholarship - n. an amount of money that is given by a school, an organization, etc., to a student to help pay for the student's education 38alumni - n. someone who was a student at a particular school, college, or university 39adjust - v. to change in order to work or do better in a new situation 40reparation - n. something that is done or given as a way of correcting a mistake that you have made or a bad situation that you have caused 41We want to hear from you. 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